南武線ワンマン運転化への疑問と市民の懸念/Doubts about the one-man operation of the Nambu Line and citizens' concerns

 南武線ワンマン運転化への疑問と市民の懸念

川崎市の南北を結び、市民生活の重要な足であるJR南武線で、2025315日からワンマン運転が強行されました。この決定に対し、地域住民や市民団体からは、安全性や利便性の低下、そしてJR東日本の経営姿勢に対する強い懸念と疑問の声が上がっています。

ワンマン運転化への主な懸念

これまでの南武線では、橋上駅舎化の遅れや「開かずの踏切」の解消、臨時改札の開場時間延長など、安全性・利便性の向上を求める市民の要求運動が続いていました。このような未解決の課題が残る中で強行されたワンマン運転は、さらなる問題を引き起こすのではないかと危惧されています。

主な懸念点は以下の通りです。

  • 安全確認の徹底:これまで車掌が担っていた駅構内でのドアの開閉や安全確認が、運転士一人に委ねられることになります。特に乗降客が多い駅や、ホームがカーブしている駅などでの安全確保が危ぶまれています。
  • 緊急時の対応:人身事故や急病人の発生など、緊急事態が発生した際の対応力が低下する可能性が指摘されています。車掌が乗務していれば、運転士と連携して迅速な救護や状況確認が可能ですが、ワンマン運転では運転士一人が全てを判断・対応しなければなりません。
  • 運転士の負担増:車掌の業務が運転士に集約されることで、運転士の身体的・精神的負担が激増し、それが病気や離職につながる可能性が懸念されています。

市民・団体からの要請と国土交通省の認識

この問題に対し、市民への十分な周知がないままワンマン運転が始まったことから、川崎市議会でも井口真美(日本共産党)市議が南武線ワンマン運転の見直しをJR東日本に求めるべきだと市長に問いただしましたが、市長は「民間事業者が決めたこと」として具体的な対応は行いませんでした。

これを受け、220日には「久地駅と久地踏切の改善を求める会」「中野島駅をよくする会」「稲田堤駅周辺の環境を考える会」「鹿島田・新川崎まちづくりの会」の4団体が、国土交通省へ緊急要請を行いました。

市民団体からの主な質問:

  1. 首都圏で混雑率がワースト5位内に入る南武線のワンマン運転化を、国交省はどのように捉えているのか。
  2. 『鉄道に関する技術基準』で定められている車掌の業務(乗客案内、車内秩序維持、異常時の誘導・避難など)を、運転士一人で遂行できると判断しているのか。
  3. ワンマン化によって起こりうる緊急事態について、JR東日本にどのような指導を行っているのか。
  4. ワンマン化が運転士の身体的・精神的負担を増大させ、病気や離職の可能性を高めると考えていないのか。

国土交通省の回答:

国交省の担当者は、これらの質問に対し終始「運転士などの人員不足による減便を避けるためには、ワンマン化は止む無し」という見解を繰り返しました。また、「南武線の現場状況は把握していない」との回答もあり、各地域の切実な訴えに対して具体的な状況認識が不足していることが浮き彫りになりました。

市民団体側は、人命を預かる公共交通事業者として、利益優先で安全対策を後退させることは容認できないとして、国からの強い指導を要請しました。

人員不足に関する疑問点

個人的な見解としては、ワンマン運転自体が必ずしも問題であるとは考えていませんし、コスト削減の観点から見ても、その必要性は理解できます。しかし、ラッシュ時ですらワンマン運転を行うことには疑問符が付きます。

また、国交省が「人員不足による減便回避のため止む無し」とする一方で、テレビ番組「ガイアの夜明け」で報じられたように、車掌だった人材が関連のホテル会社に出向させられているという現状は、本当に純粋な人員不足なのかという大きな疑問を抱かせます。JR東日本の最近の動きを見ても、安易に「人員不足」で片付けられる問題ではないと感じます。鉄道業界で働きたいと強く願う人材は依然として多く存在することを考えると、本業の鉄道輸送がしっかりと、そして確実にトラブルなく実施できる体制を整えることこそが最優先されるべきです。

南武線利用者からの意見・反応

南武線のワンマン運転化が始まって以降、利用者からは以下のような意見や反応が寄せられています。

  • 遅延の頻発と悪化:「ワンマンになってからの南武線遅延が著しく増えた」「ほぼ毎日飛び込んでくる、南武線の遅延情報」といった声が多く、ワンマン化が遅延の増加につながっているとの認識が広がっています。JR東日本の経営幹部に対し、この状況の説明を求める意見も見られます。
  • ワンマン化の順序への疑問:「元々首都圏のJRは遅延の多い路線ばかりでなぜそこを先にワンマン化しようとしたのだろうか?」「地方路線を先にワンマン化してからの方が良かったのでは?」といった、ワンマン化の対象路線の選定基準への疑問が呈されています。
  • 運転士への負担への懸念:「車掌は職を追われて運転士は業務量が増加」「ラッシュ混雑だけでも車掌復活させてあげなよ、そろそろ運転士さんの蓄積疲労と負担が思い知れないくらい凄そう」など、運転士の負担増への懸念が深まっています。
  • 安全とサービスへの影響:「コスト削減のために安全性を削減し、企業利益を優先するものであり、川崎全市民、公共交通を利用するすべての人の人命にもかかわる大問題」との指摘や、「遅延が増えてしまったらそれはもう歴とした『サービスの低下』」という声もあり、ワンマン化が安全だけでなく、サービスの質も低下させているという認識が広がっています。
  • 市民運動の拡大:これらの懸念を受け、要請行動に参加した市民4団体は「南武線のワンマン運転化の中止を求める川崎市民連絡会議」を立ち上げ、署名活動や宣伝活動、JR東日本などへの申し入れといった全市的な運動へと発展させていくことを確認しています。すでに署名活動も始まっており、66日にはJR東日本の本社へ署名提出が行われる予定です。

南武線のワンマン運転は、利便性向上や安全対策への市民の要求がある中で強行された経緯から、その影響が特に注目されています。運行開始から間もないながらも、遅延の頻発など具体的な問題が表面化しており、今後も市民の声がJR東日本や関係省庁にどのように届き、対策が講じられるのかが注目されます。

Doubts about the one-man operation of the Nambu Line and citizens' concerns

On the JR Nambu Line, which connects the north and south of Kawasaki City and is an important leg of citizens' lives, one-man operation has been forced to go ahead from March 15, 2025. In response to this decision, local residents and civic groups have voiced strong concerns and doubts about the decline in safety and convenience, as well as the management stance of JR East.

The main concerns about one-man operation

On the Nambu Line so far, there has been a continuous campaign of citizens demanding improvements in safety and convenience, such as delays in the construction of bridge station buildings, the elimination of "unopened level crossings," and the extension of the opening hours of temporary ticket gates. It is feared that forced one-man operation in the midst of such unresolved issues will cause further problems.

Key concerns include:

  • Thorough safety checks: The opening and closing of doors and safety checks in the station, which were previously the responsibility of the conductor, will now be entrusted to a single driver. In particular, there is a concern about ensuring safety at stations with a large number of passengers and stations with curved platforms.
  • Emergency response: It has been pointed out that the ability to respond in the event of an emergency, such as an accident or a sudden illness, may be reduced. If the conductor is on board, it is possible to provide quick assistance and check the situation in cooperation with the driver, but in one-man driving, the driver alone must judge and respond to everything.
  • Increased burden on drivers: There are concerns that the physical and mental burden on drivers will increase dramatically as conductors' duties are consolidated, which may lead to illness and turnover.

Requests from citizens and organizations and recognition of the Ministry of Land, Infrastructure, Transport and Tourism

Since one-man operation began without sufficient awareness of this problem to the public, Councilor Mami Iguchi (Japan Communist Party) asked the mayor of the Kawasaki City Council that JR Japan East should be asked to review the one-man operation of the Nambu Line, but the mayor did not take any concrete action, saying that it was "a decision made by a private operator."

In response to this, on February 20, four organizations, the Association for the Improvement of Kuji Station and the Kuji Railway Crossing, the Association for the Improvement of Nakanoshima Station, the Association for Considering the Environment Around Inadatsumi Station, and the Kashimada-Shin-Kawasaki Town Development Association, made an emergency request to the Ministry of Land, Infrastructure, Transport and Tourism.

Key questions from civic organizations:

  1. How does the Ministry of Land, Infrastructure, Transport and Tourism view the one-man operation of the Nambu Line, which ranks among the five worst congestion rates in the Tokyo metropolitan area?
  2. Do you judge that the conductor can perform the duties of a conductor (passenger guidance, maintenance of order in the train, guidance and evacuation in the event of an abnormality, etc.) as stipulated in the "Technical Standards for Railways" by himself/herself?
  3. What kind of guidance do you provide to JR East regarding emergencies that may arise due to one-man operation?
  4. Don't you think that one-man operation will increase the physical and mental burden on drivers, and increase the possibility of illness and turnover?

The Ministry of Land, Infrastructure, Transport and Tourism answers:

In response to these questions, the person in charge of the Ministry of Land, Infrastructure, Transport and Tourism reiterated the view that "one-man operation is unavoidable in order to avoid a reduction in flights due to a shortage of drivers and other personnel," and also replied that "we do not know the on-site situation on the Nambu Line," highlighting the lack of concrete situational awareness in response to the urgent appeals of each region.

Civic groups said that it is unacceptable for public transportation operators, who are entrusted with human lives, to roll back safety measures in favor of profits, and requested strong guidance from the government.

Questions about staffing shortages

Personally, I don't think that one-man operation itself is necessarily a problem, and I can understand the need for it from a cost-saving perspective. However, there is a question mark over doing one-man driving even during rush hour.

In addition, while the Ministry of Land, Infrastructure, Transport and Tourism says that it is "unavoidable to avoid a reduction in flights due to a shortage of personnel," the current situation where human resources who used to be train conductors are seconded to related hotel companies, as reported in the TV program "Dawn of Gaia", raises the big question of whether it is really a pure shortage of personnel. Looking at the recent movements of JR East, I feel that it is not a problem that can be easily dismissed as "shortage of personnel". Considering that there are still many people who have a strong desire to work in the railway industry, the highest priority should be to establish a system that can ensure that the main business of rail transportation can be carried out firmly and without problems.

Opinions and reactions from Nambu Line users

Since the start of one-man operation on the Nambu Line, we have received the following opinions and reactions from users.

  • Frequent occurrence and deterioration of delays: There are many voices such as "The delay of the Nambu Line has increased significantly since becoming a one-man operation" and "Delay information on the Nambu Line that jumps in almost every day", and there is a widespread recognition that the one-man system has led to an increase in delays. Some have asked JR East executives to explain the situation.
  • Questions about the order of one-man operation: "Originally, JR in the Tokyo metropolitan area had only a lot of delayed lines, so why did they try to make it a one-man operation first?" and "Wouldn't it have been better to make the regional lines one-man first?" There are questions about the selection criteria for the target route of one-man operation.
  • Concerns about the burden on drivers: "Conductors are forced out of their jobs and the workload of drivers is increasing," and "Conductors should be revived just because of rush congestion, and the accumulated fatigue and burden on drivers seems to be so great that it is unthinkable."
  • Safety and service impact: "It is a major problem that affects the lives of all citizens of Kawasaki and all people who use public transportation, as it is a major problem that prioritizes safety and corporate profits in order to reduce costs," and "If delays increase, it will be a 'decline in service' that has already been recorded." There is a growing recognition that the quality of service is also declining.
  • Expansion of the citizen movement: In response to these concerns, the four citizen groups that participated in the petition action have established the "Kawasaki Citizens' Liaison Council for the Cancellation of One-Man Operation of the Nambu Line" and confirmed that it will develop into a city-wide movement that includes signature activities, publicity activities, and petitions to JR Japan East and other organizations. Signature activities have already begun, and signatures will be submitted to JR East's head office on June 6.

The impact of the one-man operation of the Nambu Line has attracted particular attention because it was forced amid citizens' demands for improved convenience and safety measures. Although it has only been a short time since the start of operation, specific problems such as frequent delays have surfaced, and it will be interesting to see how the voices of citizens will be heard by JR Japan East and related ministries and agencies in the future, and countermeasures will be taken.

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